method for delivering high quality microbiological cooling water to an industrial process

专利摘要:
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE COOLING OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES A method and system for treating water, and using treated water for the cooling of industrial processes, are disclosed. The water is treated and stored in a large container or artificial pond. It has high clarity and high microbiological quality. A system of the present invention generally includes a containment medium, for example a large container or artificial pond, a coordination medium, a chemical application medium, a mobile suction medium, and a filtration medium. The coordination means monitors and controls the processes, in order to adjust water quality parameters within the specified limits. The large container or artificial pond can act as a heat sink, absorbing residual heat from the industrial cooling process, thus creating thermal energy reservoirs in a sustainable way, which can later be used for other purposes. The method and system can be used in any industrial cooling system, with any type of water available, including fresh water, brackish water and salt water.
公开号:BR112013024627B1
申请号:R112013024627-8
申请日:2011-09-12
公开日:2021-01-19
发明作者:Fernando Fischmann T.
申请人:Crystal Lagoons (Curacao) B.V.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

This application is being filed on September 12, 2011, as an International PCT patent application in the name of Crystal Lagoons Corporation LLC, a US national corporation, applicant for the designation of all countries except the USA, and Fernando Fischmann T. , a citizen of Chile, and claims priority for Provisional Serial No. US 61 / 469,526, filed on March 30, 2011, and Utility Model Serial No. 13 / 195,695, filed on August 1, 2011, and which orders are hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water treatment method and system, and to use treated water for cooling industrial processes. The water is treated and stored in a large container or artificial pond, it has high clarity and high microbiological quality. The large container or artificial pond can act as a heat sink, absorbing residual heat from the industrial cooling process, thus creating thermal energy reservoirs in a sustainable way, which can later be used for other purposes. The method and system can be used in any industrial cooling system with any type of water available, including fresh water, brackish water and salt water. FUNDAMENTALS
Industries around the world have increased significantly in number and have improved their processes over the years. Many of these industries require systems that provide cooling for at least some of their processes. Many of the cooling systems use water as a heat sink or heat transfer fluid. However, water is a limited resource. Exploration and contamination of underground aquifers, oceans, and surface waters has occurred, leading to a decrease in the amount of adequate water, as well as the quality of naturally available water. Thus, new ways of using water in a sustainable and economical way need to be found in order to use this resource in an efficient way and without harming the environment.
Today's industrial cooling systems are often restricted to areas where large volumes of cooling water are available. For example, cooling systems are often located along a shoreline or near other natural sources of water, such as rivers and large lakes, where this resource is abundant. Thus, a significant disadvantage associated with water-based cooling systems is that they are often constrained to specific geographical areas. For example, for a 350 MW plant using coal, about 45,000 cubic meters of water per hour may be needed for cooling purposes, such as installation heat exchangers, which is equivalent to filling 18 Olympic-size swimming pools in just one hour. .
In addition, the residual heat absorbed by the cooling water is generally lost to the environment by discharging the heated water back to a natural water source, or by discharging water vapor into the atmosphere. Recoverable energy that is wasted all over the world each day can be up to 80% of the total electrical energy consumed daily worldwide.
Specific representative environments that can benefit from improved industrial water-based cooling systems may include, but are not limited to, the following: THERMAL POWER PLANTS
Population growth and technological advances have resulted in a high demand for additional energy. A significant use of energy worldwide is concentrated in the generation of electrical energy. The demand for electricity is growing at a pace established by the modernization of nations and their economic development. For example, electricity production has increased by about 40% in the past 10 years (see Figure 1). This demand led to an increase in the construction of new installations for the generation of electric energy worldwide.
Thermoelectric plants are currently the predominant type of plants in operation. These facilities use a fuel to generate combustion, with combustion heating a fluid which in turn drives a turbine in an electrical generation circuit. There are also a number of energy installations that use renewable resources - such as solar energy or geothermal energy - generating a drive fluid that in turn drives a turbine. Still other thermal plants use nuclear fuels, such as uranium. However, the available statistics show that of the total energy consumed in 2008, 80% to 90% was obtained from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal plants. More typically, these types of installations use coal, oil or natural gas. In part, this large percentage of electricity production is due to the high availability of fossil fuels in the world. In 1973, the global energy matrix consisted of 78.4% of thermal plants (including nuclear plants), while in 2008 the percentage rose to 81.5%. There is a continuing need for these facilities to improve their operational efficiency and reduce their environmental impact.
Over time, thermal plants have undergone several changes associated with their operation. For example, changes have been implemented regarding emissions and fuel efficiency. However, a remaining disadvantage of these facilities is the use of water cooling systems. These systems have several disadvantages that limit their use to certain geographic locations. In addition, the use of water and concomitant water heating have a potentially harmful impact on the environment, increase energy costs, result in an intensive use of water, waste of waste heat and / or have high installation and operating costs. Thus, improved cooling systems are needed to keep up with the growing demand for energy and electricity.
The current cooling systems used in thermal power plants and other industries are: single-pass cooling systems, wet cooling towers and cooling pond. PASSAGE COOLING SYSTEMS
One of the main types of cooling systems used today is the "one-pass" cooling system that refers to an open cycle system (that is, one that does not use water recirculation). This type of system is composed of a water inlet structure to collect water from a natural source and a discharge structure to return water back to the natural source (for example, often the ocean or the sea). Collected cooling water is circulated through heat exchangers that work as part of the industrial process. In heat exchangers, water acts as a heat sink in which the temperature of the water increases as it flows through the exchanger. The heated water is then discharged back to the natural source. In the USA alone, approximately 5500 power installations use a single-pass cooling system. These facilities use more than 180 billion liters of water per day for cooling purposes. This figure is, for example, more than 13 times the irrigation water used in Australia daily. One-pass cooling systems have many disadvantages, including environmental damage, due to the suction and death of marine organisms, thermal pollution from the heated water returned; restricted location of facilities to the coast (or at the border of large water sources), poor quality water and waste of residual heat.
One-pass cooling system uses large volumes of water at relatively low cost, but often leads to large-scale adverse effects on the marine ecosystem. For example, this system creates an increase in temperature in the water discharged. In the ocean, the sharp rise in temperature can cause serious problems, even resulting in the death of living organisms. This affects the marine ecosystem and human activity that occurs on the coast, such as fishing and other economic activities. The cooling system of a passage can also cause the death of marine organisms due to the suction produced at the entrance of water. This can affect millions of fish, larvae and other aquatic organisms each year worldwide, as they are sucked into the ducts that lead to the heat exchangers. Death can occur because of filters or screens (for example, collisions with filters / screens or retention by filters or screens), because of drive pumps (for example, by passing inside structures at high pressures and / or flows that cause collisions with the walls), due to the chemicals that can be added, and in the heat exchangers due to the sudden change in temperature. The laws of some countries and states prohibit the use of single-pass cooling systems. Therefore, there is a need to look for new ways of cooling that are sustainable over time and allow for better performance and efficiency.
Another important limitation of a passage's cooling system is its location. As noted above, these types of facilities should typically be located on the coast bordering the sea or land along rivers, in order to improve the capture of large amounts of water. These locations can create significant land use problems. These industries are thus limited due to the large volumes of water to be captured and the effect of thermal pollution in these locations. Because of this, facilities have several problems related to location which results in higher costs and potential for rejection by residents of the community.
Another problem with the one-way cooling system is the poor quality of the water used for cooling. One-pass cooling systems typically use seawater, which has a high content of organic matter. This adversely affects the heat transfer systems of cooling processes. For example, reduced heat transfer occurs due to living or dead organisms that adhere to or clog pipes. Biocontamination is produced and begins to adhere to the internal surface of the tubes, reducing heat transfer and, thus, generating greater inefficiencies. In addition, new environmental standards recommend (and some require) that facilities operate at high efficiency to maximize the amount of energy produced per unit of fuel. One study estimates that fouling in heat exchangers produces monetary losses in industrialized countries at a level of about 0.25% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Another constraint of single-pass cooling systems is that all the absorbed heat is discharged back to the natural water source, without using the thermal energy in the water. In some cases, the thermal energy that is wasted can approach two thirds of the total heat generated, while the amount of electrical energy produced by a power installation is only one third of the total heat generated. It would be advantageous to use this valuable wasted energy for other beneficial purposes. WET COOLING TOWERS
Another cooling system used today is a wet cooling tower. These systems cool water by exchanging heat with the air inside evaporation chimneys. The chimneys contain a cold water reservoir at the base that feeds the installation by means of pumps that circulate through the installation's condenser (refrigerators), thus transferring the heat from the installation's working fluid into the water. When the high temperature of the effluent water reaches the top of the tower, it begins to descend in fine jets to maximize the contact area for heat transfer. Some installations have fans, either at the top or at the bottom of the tower, to circulate the air upwards in order to achieve a counterflow contact with the water. As the water falls, it cools and heat loss occurs through evaporation. When the water evaporates, dissolved salts fall back into the lake of water, thereby increasing its concentration. Therefore, a certain amount of water must be purged from time to time, and the reservoir must be supplied with fresh water. Wet cooling towers have several problems associated with their operation, including high rates of water withdrawal and evaporation, high costs, deterioration of urban or landscape aesthetics, and loss of captured residual heat.
A significant problem with wet cooling towers is the high rate of water use. According to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), for a steam powered power station operating on coal, water withdrawal rates are around 2082 liters / MWh, and evaporative water consumption is around 1817 liters / MWh. In addition, wet cooling towers require frequent replacement due to heavy water consumption caused by high evaporation rates. All evaporated water needs to be replaced and also over time a certain amount of water must be removed due to the increase in mineral concentration in the lake, which also needs to be replenished. Generally, wet cooling towers work with fresh water, resulting in higher operating costs.
Another major problem with wet cooling towers is that they have high maintenance, installation, and operating costs. For example, for a 2245 MW installation, the cost of capital can rise to $ 600 million.
In addition, wet cooling towers cause a deterioration of urban and landscape aesthetics. This is due to the presence of the tower structure and the steam discharged from the tower into the atmosphere. The steam interferes with the view of the landscape and can cause sidewalks, roads and other adjacent wet surfaces. Another limitation of wet cooling towers is that they do not exploit residual energy, as they discharge practically all residual heat into the atmosphere as water vapor. Consequently, the overall energy efficiency of the process is reduced. COOLING TANKS
Many current cooling systems used in industrial processes use cooling tanks. Cooling tanks usually consist of large volumes of water contained in a lake from which cooling water is extracted. After going through a heat exchange process at the facility, the water (at a higher temperature) is discharged back into the lake. The lake area typically depends on the capacity and effectiveness of the facility. These types of tanks are used by nearly fifteen percent (15%) of thermal power generation facilities in the United States that use coal, other fossil fuels, a combined cycle, and nuclear facilities. The main disadvantages of cooling tanks are the large physical spaces required for implementation and the poor quality of the water contained within the lagoon.
The requirement for a large area for implementing a cooling lake is based on the low temperatures to be maintained - usually below 22 ° C. This is because once the water temperature starts to rise, the lake's water is more prone to the growth and proliferation of algae and other organisms that cause problems in the cooling system and the lake itself. So, to maintain low temperatures, cooling tanks have large areas of up to 2500 hectares. Considering that land use is increasingly scarce, this solution is becoming less viable.
Another limitation of the cooling tanks is the poor quality of the water in the lake. In some installations, cooling from the lake must be subjected to additional treatments, such as filtration and the removal of compounds that damage machines. The poor quality is due to the proliferation of microorganisms, algae, and sediment particles. The quality of the water in these tanks makes them unattractive for use in recreational purposes, and they can pose health risks to people who use the lake.
In addition, since the water temperature in the cooling lake is not allowed to rise to 25-30 ° C or more, the heated water cannot be used for other purposes, thereby wasting valuable thermal energy. FOUNDRY INDUSTRIES
Other industries, such as foundry and melting industries, may use a cooling water system. The foundry industry is of great importance, especially for mining, where metals are melted to produce other products. In the casting process, gases are generated at extremely high temperatures, which must be cooled for discharge or later use. Currently, most foundry industries use water cooling systems, either by recycling or by one-way cooling systems.
Based on the cooling needs of many industries and the drawbacks of existing cooling systems, there is a need to improve cooling systems that operate at a lower cost, avoid thermal pollution and thermal damage associated with marine ecosystems, use less water, they allow a certain flexibility in geographic locations and / or take advantage of the thermal energy generated by the cooling process (for example, heat exchanger) for useful purposes. PREVIOUS ART
US Patent No. 4,254,818 generally describes corrosion prevention in the cooling system of an industrial operation through the use of aqueous saline solution with a concentration of 20 to 35% by weight. The saline solution circulates in a closed circuit between a heat exchanger for the operation and a cooling tank to maintain the desired concentration of saline solution, which must be between 20 and 35% by weight. The cooling method requires a metal or alloy cooling system resistant to corrosion by water and aqueous salt solution, and also requires a cooling tank containing an aqueous salt solution with a concentration of 20 to 35% by weight, and a closed circuit between said tank and the cooling system through which the saline solution circulates. In order to maintain the desired concentration of the saline solution, the method contemplates replenishing water to replace losses and maintain the salt concentration. There is also the possibility of using an auxiliary vessel or tank for the precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate from the effluent water from the cooling of the industrial operation, and transferring the water without these salts to the cooling lake, with the possibility to recover the salts.
US Patent No. 4,254,818 requires the use of water with a certain concentration of salt, in the range of 20 to 35% by weight, therefore restricting the type of water that can be used. In addition, this patent does not disclose the use of oxidizing and flocculating or coagulating agents, nor does the patent disclose the removal of suspended solids, algae, bacteria, metals and organic matter. Furthermore, this patent does not provide an economical filtration system. Instead, the patent describes the use of auxiliary tanks for the purpose of precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, resulting in higher installation and maintenance costs. SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form which are further described later in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the necessary or essential resources of the matter claimed. Nor is this summary intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed matter. The present invention can be used in several industries and cooling systems. Although the present application relates to specific environments that the principles of the present invention can be employed, those environments are representative and are not limiting.
Methods and systems according to the principles of the present invention provide an industrial process with high quality cooling water, generally comparable to the quality of swimming pool water, at a very low cost. In some embodiments, a coordinated cooling method and system comprising a large container for storing water used to feed an industrial process is described, in which the water is initially conditioned and maintained to a high quality, and is then recycled to achieve a sustainable cooling system over time. In addition, water heated by the industrial process can optionally be used for other purposes, such as residential heating, hot water production, thermal desalination, and greenhouse heating, as well as various other industrial and residential purposes. In thermal desalination, the water to be desalinated needs to be heated before passing through the distillation processes. Therefore, the water heated from the container can be used for heating purposes in the thermal desalination process.
In addition, industries that use water or other fluids at high temperatures can use this "preheated" water to produce water vapor or steam or to increase the temperature of another fluid through heat exchange, thereby improving the energy and cost efficiency.
In the case of cooling systems used in electricity production facilities, the present invention provides a coordinated cooling method that has several advantages over existing systems, such as being low cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable over time. The present invention uses less water than other systems, thus allowing industries to locate in previously unimaginable places. In addition, as the pond absorbs the heat from the cooling process, a large temperate pond (for example, a reservoir of thermal energy) can be created that can be used for many industrial and recreational purposes. For example, if all thermal energy installations use the present invention for cooling purposes, this allows the use of otherwise wasted thermal energy, CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 50% worldwide.
Unlike current one-pass cooling technology, the present invention provides a coordinated cooling method and system, including a temperate lagoon operating in a closed circuit, in an economical, sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. The method and system avoids the adverse effects of thermal pollution associated with discharge of water at elevated temperatures into the sea and its impact on marine organisms. Finally, the present invention helps to avoid the high mortality from aquatic organisms that can occur due to prior art device suction systems and passage through industrial cooling systems. In addition, it will allow location of facilities in a wide variety of geographic locations. In some cases, relocation of the facility may be possible to provide energy savings (for example, as long as the facility can be located close to where the energy is used or close to demand centers without requiring large distances between production and consumption).
In addition, the present invention can increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger by using high quality water (for example, comparable to pool water) at a low cost. For example, seawater on average has a transparency of 2 meters horizontally, while the water of the present invention has a horizontal transparency of up to 40 meters.
Seawater also contains a large amount of bacteria, while the water of the present invention contains significantly reduced amounts of organic matter, preferably little or no organic matter, after treatment. In this way, the water of the present invention will minimize biocontamination and prevent the formation of undesirable build-up in the tubes which reduces heat transfer. The cooling water of the present invention is recycled with minimal replacement, with the replacement of water in the present invention required mainly by evaporation from the pond.
Finally, the present invention can allow the use of residual thermal energy discharged by the industrial process. For example, the elevated temperature of the water returning to the cooling pond can be used for other purposes, such as for residential heating, hot water production, thermal desalination, or for other industrial and domestic uses.
In comparison to wet cooling towers, the present invention provides a coordinated cooling method applied to a system that replenishes about 20% less water compared to cooling towers and evaporates about 20% less water into the atmosphere. (based on current estimates and ambient temperatures and humidity). Thus, the present invention is better for the environment and natural resources. The large lagoons described here also bring benefits in terms of cost reduction, obtaining an estimated savings of up to 50% with respect to the construction and operation of wet cooling towers. In addition, the present invention creates a lagoon that can be used for recreational purposes and as a tourist site. For example, very large temperate ponds can be created which can be used for recreation throughout the year. And, as mentioned above, the residual heat in the pond can be used for other industrial and residential purposes. The ponds for recreational and industrial purposes can be organized in different formations, in order to allow several artificial cooling ponds at the same time. Such ponds can be configured in series, in parallel, and by coupling from one pond to another.
In addition, the present invention provides a method and system with several advantages over cooling ponds. Firstly, water treated here can reach a temperature as high as 30 ° C, or as high as 50 ° C, or more, and still maintain excellent quality, comparable to conventional pool water. Thus, the exposed surface area of the lagoons disclosed here can be at least 3 to 10 times smaller than the exposed surface area of traditional cooling ponds. In addition, if the water is kept at higher temperatures, for example, 40 ° C, further reductions in area can be achieved, thus making the ponds described here even more beneficial. By reducing the required surface area of the container or artificial pond, industrial facilities can be built and used in areas that were not possible before. In addition, the quality of the water provided by the present invention far exceeds the current quality of many artificial lakes, with water of high clarity at temperatures that can fall within a range of about 20 ° C to about 50 ° C, or higher.
Generally, the present invention describes methods and systems for providing water of high purity and clarity from a constructed artificial pond or other large body of artificial water (e.g., container). This water can be used as a heat transfer fluid for the cooling of various industrial processes. Modalities of the present invention are directed to the use of large amounts of water to cool industrial processes in an economical and sustainable manner. The container or artificial pond supplying the water can act as a heat sink, absorbing the residual heat from the industrial process by transferring heat to the circulating cooling water.
In one embodiment, a method of providing high quality microbiological cooling water for an industrial process comprises the following: a. collect incoming water from a water source; B. storing the water inlet in a container, in which the container has a bottom capable of being cleaned by means of mobile suction; ç. within 7-day periods: i. for a container water temperature up to and including 35 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of the container water temperature, by adding a disinfectant to the container water; ii. for a container water temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum of hours by adding a disinfectant to the container water, where the minimum period of hours is calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in ° C - 35] = minimum period of hours, or iii. for a container water temperature of 70 ° C or more, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour, by adding a disinfectant agent to the container water; d. activate the following processes through a means of coordination: i. applying an oxidizing agent to the container water to prevent the iron and manganese concentrations in the container water from exceeding 1.5 ppm; ii. apply a coagulant and / or flocculant to the container water to prevent turbidity of the container water exceeding 7 NTU; iii. suck the water from the container with a mobile suction medium to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding an average of 100 millimeters; iv. filter the sucked container water through the mobile suction medium and v. returning filtered water to the container, and e. supply high quality microbiological cooling water from the container to an industrial process at a flow rate such that the difference in temperature between the cooling water entering the industrial process and the cooling water leaving the industrial process is at least 3 ° C.
In one embodiment, a system of the present invention for providing cooling water for an industrial process comprises the following: - a container for storing cooling water, the container comprising a bottom for receiving sedimented particles; - an inlet water supply line to the container; - a means of coordination to activate, at the right time, processes necessary to adjust cooling water parameters within predetermined limits; - a means of applying chemicals activated by the means of coordination; - a mobile suction means for moving along the bottom of the container and sucking cooling water containing sedimented particles; - a propulsion means for moving the mobile suction means along the bottom of the container; - a filtration medium to filter the cooling water containing sedimented particles; - a collection line coupled between the mobile suction medium and the filtration medium; - a return line from the filtration medium to the container; - a heat exchanger inlet line from the container to the industrial process, and - a return water line from the industrial process to the container.
In the system, the bottom of the container generally comprises membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic liners, concrete, coated concrete, or combinations thereof. The coordination medium is capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating other processes, such as the chemical application medium, mobile suction medium, and filtration medium. The chemical application medium generally comprises injectors, sprayers, manual application, weight distributors, pipes, or combinations thereof. The propulsion means drives the mobile suction means and typically comprises a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manual propulsion system, a robotic system / a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine, a floating device with an engine, or a combination of these. The filtration medium often comprises cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, ultrafilters, nanofilters, or a combination thereof, and is generally connected to the mobile suction medium by a collection line comprising a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe, or a combination of these.
The present invention addresses several environmental problems arising from industrial cooling processes, including thermal pollution and the negative impact on the environment caused by this type of thermal pollution. The inventor of the new technology disclosed here, Mr. Fernando Fischmann, has developed many new advances in water treatment technology that are being rapidly adopted worldwide. In a short period of time, the inventor's technologies related to crystalline recreational lagoons have been incorporated into more than 180 projects worldwide. The inventor and his advances in water treatment technology have been the subject of more than 2000 articles, as can be seen at http://press.crystal-lagoons.com/. The inventor has also received major international awards for innovation and entrepreneurship related to these advances in water treatment technology and has been the subject of interviews with leading media outlets, including CNN, BBC, FUJI, and Bloomberg's business magazine.
Both the previous summary and the following detailed description are examples and are for explanation only. Therefore, the previous summary as the following detailed description should not be considered as restrictive. In addition, features or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, certain modalities can be directed to different combinations of characteristics and subcombination described in the detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated and form a part of this description, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a graph illustrating the increase in power generation in the world, in TWh, from 1993 to 2008.
Figure 2 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating a heat exchange system of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating the use of water from a water-containing structure, such as a pond, as a heat transfer fluid in one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows a top view of a structure containing water, such as a pond, in an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating possible industrial and recreational uses of a water-containing structure, such as a pond, in embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the invention can be described, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example, substitutions, additions or modifications can be made to the elements illustrated in the drawings, and the methods described here can be modified by substitution, reordering, or adding steps to the disclosed methods. Consequently, the following detailed description does not limit the scope of the invention. While systems and methods are described in terms of "comprising" various apparatus or steps, systems and methods may also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" various apparatus or steps, unless otherwise specified. In addition, the terms "one", "one", and "a" are intended to include plural alternatives, for example, at least one, unless otherwise specified. For example, the disclosure of "a disinfectant," "an inlet line," "a mobile suction medium", etc., is intended to encompass one or more of one, disinfectant agent, inlet line, mobile suction medium, etc. , unless otherwise specified. DEFINITIONS
In light of this disclosure, the following terms or phrases must be understood with the meanings described below.
The terms "container" or "containment medium" or "water-containing structure" are used generically here to describe any large body of artificial water, including artificial ponds, artificial lakes, artificial tanks, swimming pools and the like.
The term "means of coordination" is generically used here to describe an automated system that is capable of receiving information, processing it and making a decision accordingly. In one embodiment of the invention, this can be done by one person, while in another embodiment this can be done with a computer connected to the sensors.
The term "chemical application medium" is generally used here to describe any system that can add or apply chemicals, for example, to the water in the container or pond.
The term "mobile suction means" is used here to describe generically any suction device that is able to travel through the bottom surface of the container and suck up any sedimented material or particles.
The term "means of propulsion" is generically used here to describe any propulsion device that provides movement, either by pushing or pulling another device.
The term "filtration medium" is used generically here to describe any filtration system, including systems comprising filters, strainers, and / or separators, and the like.
As used here, the generic types of water and their respective concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (in mg / L) are fresh, with TDS <1500; brackish, with 1500 <TDS <10000, and sea water, with TDS> 10000.
As used herein, the term "high quality microbiological water" comprises a preferred aerobic bacterial count of less than 200 colony forming units "CFU" / ml, more preferably less than 100 CFU / ml, and more preferably less than 50 CFU / ml.
As used herein, the term "high clarity" comprises a preferred level of turbidity of less than 12 "NTU" Nephelometer Turbidity Units, more preferably less than 10 NTU and even more preferably less than 7 NTU.
As used herein, the term "small fraction" corresponding to the volume of filtered water comprises a flow up to 200 times less than the filtered flow in traditionally configured pool water filtration systems.
As used herein, the term "traditional pool water filtration system" or "conventional pool water filtration system" or "conventional pool filtration system" comprises a filtration system that filters the entire volume of water you have to be treated from 1 to 6 times a day, usually with a centralized filtration unit. MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As discussed above, industrial cooling systems typically require large volumes of high-quality, low-cost water to power heat exchangers for condensation or cooling processes in various industries. In general, water is used in heat exchangers, as it has a heat capacity of about 4 times greater than air, which allows for greater heat transfer efficiency. During the heat exchange process, cooling water enters the exchanger at an initial temperature, absorbs heat by increasing the temperature of the cooling water, for example, at least 3 ° C, or between 3 ° C and 20 ° C, or about 10 ° C. Then, the cooling water at a higher temperature leaves the heat exchanger and is discharged, recycled back to the pond, or used in some other downstream process. For example, the artificial pond can be used to lower the temperature of the water that leaves the industrial cooling process, but before the water is discharged to a water source.
In addition, the quality of the cooling water is also very important, because depending on its quality, heat transfer in the heat exchangers will have a greater or lesser effectiveness, thus affecting the operation and maintenance costs of the installation. The quality of the cooling water used today depends very much on the source of water from which the water was extracted, from the sea, rivers, lakes, etc.
The present invention relates to a method and system for providing an industrial process with cooling water of high quality microbiologies, comparable to the quality of swimming pool water, at a very low cost. By recirculating the cooling water, a sustainable process can be achieved, and at the same time, large volumes of water will be heated, thus creating thermal energy reservoirs for other uses, such as residential heating, hot water production, thermal desalination, heating of greenhouses, and the like, as well as other industrial and domestic uses.
Large volumes of treated water can be supplied from a large container or artificial pond. The surface area of the container or pond can be defined in some modalities by the amount of energy that needs to be dissipated in the industrial process. Typically, the surface area can vary from about 50 m2 to about 30000 m2 per MW of cooling required by the industrial process. In some embodiments, the surface area can be in the range of about 50 m2 to about 20000 m2, from about 50 m2 to about 10,000 m2, or from about 50 m2 to about 5000 m2 per MW cooling required by the industrial process. The container or pond can be used for recreational and industrial purposes and can be organized into different formations to allow the use of several artificial cooling ponds or other containers at the same time. Such ponds or containers can be configured in series, in parallel, and by coupling one pond or container to another.
Consistent with the modalities described here, the methods and systems can treat large volumes of water at a low cost. This generally involves purifying water and eliminating suspended solids from the water without filtering the entire volume of water, but only filtering a small fraction, which corresponds to a volume up to 200 times smaller than for water filtration methods. traditional pool. Treated water produced by these methods and systems can be used as cooling water for industrial purposes, such as inlet water for an industrial heat exchange process.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention aimed at a heat exchange system. The system of Figure 2 is shown for a simplified thermal energy generation process (9). However, the general heat exchange concept in Figure 2 can be applied to any industrial process where cooling a material or device may be necessary. In Figure 2, a steam passes through one or more turbines (5), and then flows to a heat exchanger (3) where the steam is condensed. Heated steam (7) enters the heat exchanger, where the heat is absorbed, and material exits as a condensate (8). The condensate (8) can pass through a pumping system (6), where it is conducted to a boiler (4) to be transformed again into steam to pass through the turbines (5). In the heat exchanger (3), the fluid absorbing the heat can be inlet cooling water (1), which enters a predetermined temperature, passes through the heat exchanger and absorbs the heat from the water vapor (7) and, then it comes out (2) at a higher temperature.
A system of the present invention generally includes a containment medium, a coordination medium, a chemical application medium, a mobile suction medium, and a filtration medium. Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of a system of the invention, in which water from a container or artificial pond is used as a heat transfer fluid in an industrial process. This system can comprise an inlet water line (11) for a container or artificial pond (12). The size of the container or artificial pond is not particularly limited, however, in many embodiments, the container or pond can have a volume of at least 10,000 m, or, alternatively, at least 50,000 m3. It is contemplated that the ■ D container or pond can have a volume of 1 million m, 50 million m3, 500 million m3 or more. The container or artificial pond (12) can have a bottom (13) that can receive the sedimented material, such as bacteria, algae, suspended solids, metals and other particles that are established from the water. There is also a control device or means (10) that monitors and controls the processes in order to adjust water quality parameters (14) within the respective limits. Such processes can include activating (16) a chemical application medium (18) and activating (17) a mobile suction medium (22). The mobile suction medium (22) moves along the bottom of the pond, sucking water containing sedimented particles produced by any of the processes described here that can affect the quality of the water. There is also a propulsion means (23) that provides movement for the mobile suction medium, such that the mobile suction medium can cross the bottom of the pond. The sucked water can be sent to a filtration medium (20) that filters the water containing the sedimented particles, thus eliminating the need to filter the entire volume of water (for example, only a small fraction of water filtration in the pond through the same period of time as a typical pool filtration system). The sucked water can be sent to the filtration medium through a collection line (19) connected to the suction medium. In addition, there is a return line (21) from the filtration medium back to the pond to return the filtered water. A cooling water inlet line (1) supplies cooling water from the pond to an industrial process (9), such as a heat exchanger, and a return line (2) is provided for the water having a temperature from the industrial cooling process back to the lagoon. In some embodiments, this water from the industrial cooling process back to the pond does not add more than 10 ppm of iron to the water in the container or pond. The coordination means (10) can vary the flow of cooling water treated for the industrial process (9). The industrial process (9) can send information (15) to the coordination means (10) to establish the predetermined limits of water quality.
The inlet water line (11) may comprise treated water, fresh water, brackish water or sea water to be treated in accordance with a method and system of the invention. The method and the system may include a means of coordination (10) that allows the activation in due time of the processes necessary to adjust controlled parameters (for example, water quality parameters) within limits defined by the operator or predetermined. In modalities, the industrial process (9) can send the information (15) to the coordination means (10), to establish the predetermined limits of water quality. The present invention uses much less chemicals than traditional pool water treatment systems, since the chemicals are applied according to the needs of the systems through the use of an algorithm that depends on the temperature of the water, thus avoiding having to maintain permanent concentrations of chemicals in the water, which results in higher operating costs. Thus, there can be a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals used, up to 100 times compared to conventional pool water treatments, greatly reducing operating costs.
The water returned to the pond begins to circulate slowly and mix with the entire volume of water in the pond to reach a lower temperature. Heat can be lost due to heat exchange with the environment through conduction, convection and / or evaporation. There is at least one point of extraction (1) of water from the pond for the industrial process and at least one point of return (2) of water at higher temperatures from the industrial process to the pond, and they can be advantageously separated by such a distance that the water temperature at the extraction point is not affected by the water temperature at the return point. In addition, pond area / volume reductions can be made if the water temperature at the return point and / or the pond water temperature are higher.
The information received through coordination can be obtained by visual inspection, empirical methods, algorithms based on experience, by electronic detectors, or combinations thereof. Coordination means can include one or more people, electronic devices, any means capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating other processes, and that includes their combinations. An example of a controller means is a computing device, such as a personal computer. Coordination means can also include sensors used to receive information about water quality parameters.
The chemical application medium can be activated by the coordination medium and applies or dispenses chemicals in the water. Chemical application medium may include, but is not limited to, injectors, sprayers, manual application, weight distributors, pipes, and combinations thereof.
The bottom of the container or pond generally comprises or is covered with a non-porous material. Non-porous materials can be membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic liners, concrete, coated concrete, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the container or artificial pond may comprise a plastic coating.
The mobile suction medium moves along the bottom of the container or pond, sucking water containing sedimented particles and materials produced by any of the processes described here. A propulsion means can be coupled to the mobile suction medium, allowing the mobile suction medium to travel through the bottom of the container or pond. The propulsion medium drives the mobile suction medium, using a system such as a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manual propulsion system, a robotic system, a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine or a flotation device with an engine, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the propulsion means comprises a boat with an engine.
The water sucked in by the mobile suction medium can be sent to a filtration medium. The filtration medium receives the flow of sucked water through the mobile suction medium and filters the sucked water containing the particles and the established materials, thus eliminating the need to filter the entire volume of water (for example, just filtering a small fraction ). The filtration medium may include, but is not limited to, cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, ultrafilters, nanofilters, and combinations thereof. The sucked water can be sent to the filtration medium by a collection line connected to the mobile suction medium. The collection line can be selected from flexible hoses, rigid hoses, pipes of any material, and their combinations. The system can include a line from the filtration medium back to the container or pond to return filtered water.
Figure 4 shows a top view of a system of the invention. The container or artificial pond (12) can include an inlet feed pipe system (11) to refill the container or pond due to evaporation or other water loss (e.g., purges or seepage). The system may also include injectors (24) arranged along the perimeter of the container or artificial pond for the application or distribution of chemicals in the water. Collectors (25) can also be used to remove oils and particles from the surface.
In one embodiment, a cooling water supply system of high microbiological quality for an industrial process comprises the following elements: - a container for storing cooling water, the container comprising a bottom for receiving sedimented particles; - an inlet water supply line to the container; - a means of coordination to activate, at the right time, processes necessary to adjust cooling water parameters within predetermined limits; - a chemical application medium activated by the coordination medium, - a mobile suction medium for movement along the bottom of the container and sucking cooling water containing sedimented particles; - a propulsion means for moving the mobile suction means along the bottom of the container; a filtration medium for filtering the cooling water containing sedimented particles, - a collection line coupled between the mobile suction medium and the filtration medium; - a return line from the filtration medium to the container; - a heat exchanger inlet line from the container to the industrial process, and - a return water line from the industrial process to the container.
This same system allows the elimination of compounds or materials that are susceptible to sedimentation with the addition of a chemical agent, as long as the mobile suction medium can suck up all the sedimented particles from the bottom of the container.
The invention's method of treating water can be performed at a low cost compared to traditional pool water treatment systems, due to the fact that the present invention uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than pool water treatment systems traditional. In one aspect, the present method uses much less chemicals, as it applies an algorithm to maintain an ORP (oxidation reduction potential) of at least 500 mV for a given period of time, depending on the water temperature, thus maintaining a high quality microbiological according to the real needs of the water. The present process is carried out in a system as described herein that comprises a means of coordination, which determines when to apply the necessary chemicals, in order to adjust controlled parameters within their limits, based on the information received from the system. Once a means of coordination is used, chemicals are applied only when they are needed, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration of chemicals in the water. Thus, there is a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals, up to 100 times less than traditional pool water treatment systems, which results in lower operating and maintenance costs.
In another embodiment, the method and system of the invention filters only a small fraction of the total volume of water within a given period of time, compared to conventional pool water filtration systems that filter a much larger volume of water in the pool. same time interval. In one embodiment, the small fraction of the total volume of water is up to 200 times less than the flow processed in traditional pool water filtration systems, which filter the entire volume of water. The filtration medium in the method and system of the invention operates in short periods of time due to orders received from the coordination medium. Thus, the filtration medium has a very low capacity, resulting in up to 50 times lower capital costs and energy consumption, compared to the centralized filtration unit required in the conventional pool water filtration system.
A method for providing high quality microbiological cooling water to an industrial process, according to the modalities of the present invention, may include the following steps: a. collect incoming water from a water source; B. storing the water inlet in a container, in which the container has a bottom capable of being cleaned by means of mobile suction; ç. within 7-day periods: i. for a container water temperature up to and including 35 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of the container water temperature, by adding a disinfectant to the container water; ii. for a container water temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum of hours by adding a disinfectant to the container water, where the minimum period of hours is calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in ° C - 35] = minimum period of hours, or iii. for a container water temperature of 70 ° C or more, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour by adding a disinfectant to the container water; d. activate the following processes through a means of coordination: i. applying an oxidizing agent to the container water to prevent the iron and manganese concentrations in the container water from exceeding 1.5 ppm; ii. apply a coagulant and / or flocculant to the container water to prevent turbidity of the container water exceeding 7 NTU; iii. suck the container water with a mobile suction medium to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding an average of 100 millimeters; iv. filter the sucked container water through the mobile suction medium and v. returning filtered water to the container, and e. supply high quality microbiological cooling water from the container to an industrial process at a flow rate such that the difference in temperature between the cooling water entering the industrial process and the cooling water leaving the industrial process is at least 3 ° C.
Water treated by the method of the invention can be supplied by a natural water source, such as an ocean, groundwater, lakes, rivers, treated water, or combinations thereof.
Disinfectant agents can be applied to the water by means of chemical application, in order to maintain an ORP level of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of time according to the water temperature, within 7 days in a time. Disinfectant agents include, but are not limited to, ozone, biguanide products, algaecides and antibacterial agents, such as copper products, iron salts, alcohols, chlorine and chlorine compounds; peroxides, phenolic compounds; iodophores; quaternary amines (poliquats) in general, such as benzalkonium chloride and S-triazine, peracetic acid, halogen-based compounds; bromine-based compounds, and their combinations.
If the water temperature is up to and including 35 ° C, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of water temperature. For example, if the water temperature is 25 ° C, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 25 hours, which can be spread over the period of 7 days.
If the water temperature is above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of hours which is calculated using the following equation: [35 hours] - [Temperature of the water in ° C - 35] = minimum period of hours.
For example, if the water temperature is 50 ° C, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 20 hours ([35] - [50 to 35]), which can be spread over the 7-day period.
Finally, if the water temperature is 70 ° C or more, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour over the period of 7 days.
Oxidizing agents can be applied or dispersed in water to maintain and / or prevent iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1.5 ppm. Suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, permanganate salts, peroxides; ozone; sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate; oxidants produced by electrolytic methods, halogen-based compounds and their combinations. Generally, oxidizing agents are applied and / or dispersed in water by means of chemical application.
Anti-fouling agents can be applied to or dispersed in water to reduce or prevent fouling, for example, of an industrial process heat exchanger. Non-limiting examples of antifouling agents include, but are not limited to, phosphonate based compounds, such as phosphonic acid, PBTC (phosphobutane tricarboxylic acid), chromates, zinc polyphosphates, silicates, nitrites, organic substances, caustic soda, polymers based on malic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, and combinations thereof.
A flocculating or coagulating agent can be applied or dispersed in the water to aggregate, agglomerate, amalgamate and / or coagulate suspicious particles in the water, which then sediment at the bottom of the containment medium. Generally, flocculating or coagulating agents are applied or dispersed in the water through the application of chemicals. Suitable flocculating agents or coagulants include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as cationic polymers and anionic polymers, aluminum salts, such as aluminum hydrochloride, alum, and aluminum sulfate; quats, poliquats, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride; polyacrylamide; sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, natural products, such as chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginates, moringa seeds, starch derivatives, and combinations thereof. The fraction of water in which the floccules collect or settle is usually the layer of water along the bottom of the container. The floccules form sediment at the bottom of the container which can then be removed by means of mobile suction without the need for all the water in the containment medium to be filtered, for example, only a small fraction is filtered.
The chemical application medium and mobile suction medium in the method and system of the invention are opportunely activated by means of coordination, in order to adjust controlled parameters within the respective limits. The mobile suction medium and chemical application medium are activated according to the needs of the system, which results in the application of much less chemicals compared to conventional pool water treatment systems, and the filtration of a small fraction of the total water volume, up to 200 times smaller compared to conventional pool water filtration systems that filter the entire volume of water within the same period. In some embodiments contemplated here, the "small fraction" of water to be filtered may be less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than that about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.9%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.7%, less than about 0.6%, or less than about 0.5%, per day of the total volume of water.
In the method and system described here, the coordination means can receive information about the water quality parameters and their respective limits. The information received by the coordination means can be obtained by empirical methods. The coordination means is also able to receive information, process that information, and activate the necessary processes according to that information, including their combinations. An example of a means of coordination is a computing device, such as a personal computer, connected to the sensors that measure the parameters and activate the processes according to that information.
Representative processes that can be activated by the coordination means include: - Timely activation of the chemical application medium, providing information on the dosage and addition of the appropriate chemicals to keep the water quality parameters controlled within their respective limits. - Timely activation of the mobile suction medium, which can simultaneously activate the filtration medium to filter the water sucked by the mobile suction medium, thus filtering only a small fraction of the container or artificial pond water, compared to systems centralized pool filtration systems configured traditionally.
The coordination medium also provides information for the mobile suction medium to activate the mobile suction medium. The coordination medium can simultaneously activate the filtration medium in order to filter the flow sucked through the mobile suction medium, that is, filtering only a small fraction of the total volume of water. The mobile suction means is activated by the coordination means to prevent the thickness of sedimented material, in general, from exceeding 100 mm. The filtration medium and mobile suction medium operate only as necessary to keep the water parameters within their limits, for example, only a few hours a day, in contrast to conventional filtration systems that operate substantially continuously. In other embodiments, the mobile suction means can prevent the thickness of sedimented material from exceeding 50 mm, or 25 mm or 15 mm. In some circumstances, the container or artificial pond can be used for recreational purposes, in addition to being a source of cooling water for industrial processes.
In some embodiments, the mobile suction medium can travel along the bottom of the artificial pond, completely sucking up the flow of water containing the sedimented particles, thus allowing the bottom of the pond to be easily visible through the water. In addition, the bottom of the pond can be any color, including white, yellow or light blue, often providing the body of water with an attractive color. In one mode, horizontal visibility across the pond water can be at least 4 meters, at least 6 meters, at least 10 meters, or at least 15 meters and, in some cases, up to 40 meters.
In addition to its use for cooling purposes, artificial pond water may be of sufficient quality and purity to comply with government regulations for direct contact recreational water and / or government regulations for pool water quality. For example, the water contained in the artificial pond can meet the bacteriological requirements for recreational water with direct contact from the Environmental Protection Agency [EPA Criteria for Bath Recreation Waters (Full Body Contact), 1986].
Figure 5 illustrates different types of industrial and recreational uses for a container or artificial pond (12) described here. The container or artificial pond (12) comprises an inlet line (2) and an outlet line (1) for water. In one embodiment (33), several uses of a pond containing heated water (a reservoir of thermal energy) are illustrated: residential heating (30), hot water supply for thermal desalination (28), for greenhouse heating ( 29), or the fluid preheating process or preheated water supply for various industrial processes (27), as well as other varied industrial and domestic uses (31). In another modality (32), the use of a pond (12) containing heated water (a reservoir of thermal energy) is illustrated for commercial / recreational purposes, such as around the pond with real state developments (26). EXAMPLES
For the following examples, the terms "a / a / a" include plural alternatives (at least one). The information disclosed is illustrative, and other modalities exist and are within the scope of the present invention. EXAMPLE 1
A method and system of the present invention has been employed in the process of cooling an oil generator. A container that has a volume of 200 m3 and a surface area of about 285 m2 was filled with sea water with a TDS concentration of around 35000 ppm. The water temperature in the vessel was 35 ° C. Based on this temperature, an ORP of at least 500 mV was maintained for a period of (35 x 1) 35 hours during the week. On Monday, to maintain the ORP for a period of 12 hours, sodium hypochlorite was added to the water in order to achieve a concentration of 0.16 ppm in the water. Later in the week on Wednesday, the ORP was maintained for a period of 9 hours because it maintained the same concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Finally, on Friday a concentration of 0.16 ppm of sodium hypochlorite in the water was maintained for the remaining (35-12-9) 14 hours to complete the 35 hours a week. There was no need to carry out an additional oxidation process to adjust the levels of iron and manganese, since sodium hypochlorite had sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and magnesium. A flocculant was added before the water turbidity reached a value of 7 NTU, and Crystal Clear ® was injected until a concentration of 0.09 ppm was achieved in the container.
Based on the information received from the system, the coordination medium activated the suction medium before the thickness of the sedimented material exceeds 100 mm. The sedimented material, a product of the coordinated method, was sucked by a device that traveled the surface of the container and the collected flow was filtered through a sand filter, at a rate of 5 L / s. It was not necessary to filter the entire volume of water. The suction device extracted only a small fraction of the total volume of water containing the sediment, and delivered this water to the sand filter. The filtered water was then returned to the container from the sand filter via a return line.
Conditioned water was used to cool a Hyundai Diesel Engine, model D6CA. The engine type is a water-cooled 6-cylinder vertical engine. The generator was a 125 kVA Stanford. The diesel engine heat exchanger was fed with filtered water from the container. The temperature of the water fed to the exchanger was 35 ° C, and the temperature of the discharge water back to the container was 39.3 ° C, so the temperature of the cooling water increased by about 4.3 ° Ç. The flow of recycling water from each generator was 3.45 L / s. In this way, the generator was cooled and, at the same time, the residual heat was used to heat the container water, which is maintained at high temperatures due to this heat exchange. Cooled thermal power was approximately 62 kW, which results in a surface rate / MW of:

The heated water was used in a temperate swimming pool for recreational purposes, therefore representing great energy savings compared to heating the water with traditional methods (such as boilers). EXAMPLE 2
The method and system of the present invention can be used to treat and maintain water for cooling a 420 MW thermal power station. An artificial lagoon can be built with a surface area of 360000 m2, a volume of about 540000 m3, and a water temperature of around 45 ° C. The following table shows the estimated surface areas (hectare = ha) that may be necessary for cooling a 420 MW electrical installation, based on the temperature of the pond water: TABLE 1

The lagoon can be fed by an inlet water line with sea water with a total concentration of dissolved solids of around 35000 ppm, until the lagoon is complete.
The water temperature is 45 ° C, which is more than 35 ° C, so an ORP of at least 500 mV is maintained for a total of 25 hours (35 - [45-35] = 25) distributed within a period of 7 days. For example, on a Tuesday, sodium bromide can be added to maintain a concentration of 0.134 ppm in the water for 12 hours, and then, on the Friday of the same week, the addition of chemicals can be repeated from likewise for 13 hours, thus completing the total of 25 hours for the 7-day period.
The coordination means, which can be a person, receives information about the controlled parameters of the method and system (for example, various water quality parameters). It may not be necessary to add an oxidizing agent to the water, since sodium bromide in general has sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and manganese.
For the flocculation step, Crystal Clear ® can be injected before the turbidity reaches a value of 7 NTU, to obtain a concentration of 0.08 ppm in the water. The addition of flocculant can be repeated every 48 hours.
After sedimentation of bacteria, metals, algae and other solids, and before the thickness of the layer of sedimented material reaches 15 mm, the coordination medium can activate the mobile suction medium, which can comprise nine suction devices that move along from the bottom of the pond, sucking the water containing sedimented particles. Each of the 9 suction devices can be coupled to a means of propulsion, in this case, a boat with an engine. The flow of water containing the sedimented particles, for each suction device, can be pumped by means of a 5.5 kW pump to a filtration medium through flexible hoses.
The suction flow from each suction device can be filtered through sand filters, at a rate of 21 L / s. Thus, there is no need to filter the entire volume of water - instead just filtering the fraction of water containing the sedimented particles sucked in by the suction devices, which is up to 200 times less than the volume of water filtered through conventional water systems. pool filtration. The filtered water can be returned to the pond via a return line, which can be a flexible hose.
The treated water can be used as cooling water for a 420 MW thermal power plant. The power (or heat) to be dissipated, the rate of water flow, and the increase in water temperature are correlated by the equation:
where Cp is the specific heat of the water at a constant pressure, approximately:

Thus, for a 420 MW installation, the cooling water flow rate can be 54000 m3 / h with an increase in the cooling water temperature of around 7 ° C. The surface area of the lagoon is 36 hectares, which converts to 0.086 hectares for each MW of cooling required.
The cooling water portion of the heat exchanger of the thermal power installation can be fed with pond water, through various means. The temperature of the pond water, and therefore the temperature of the incoming cooling water to the heat exchanger, is about 45 ° C. After leaving the heat exchanger, the water can be returned back to the pond at a temperature of around 52 ° C. Thus, the water used in industrial cooling processes increases in temperature by approximately 7 ° C.
The water returned to the pond, which is at a higher temperature, begins to flow slowly through the entire pond, mixing with the entire volume of water in the pond, thus reducing the temperature of the returned water. The pond temperature remains at around 45 ° C on average, and water can be drawn from the pond for use in the industrial cooling process again, or on a continuous basis. The treated water in the lagoon can have the following parameters:

* Typical value of sea water before treatment in lagoon L (not specified in NCh409) pool standard-NCh209
As can be seen from this example, the use of the present invention has several advantages over existing cooling systems, which include: avoiding the generation of an adverse environmental impact on the marine ecosystem either due to thermal pollution and the suction of organisms water in the industrial process, as the system 10 illustrated is a closed loop water recirculation system that does not interact with the ocean or natural water sources, low operating and installation costs compared to cooling towers and other systems known cooling systems, the possibility of locating the industrial facility in places unimaginable before, due to the low water consumption of a water source - it is not necessary for the industrial facility to be located close to the sea or other natural sources of water, and to same time, creating a large reservoir of energy for many other uses, such as residential heating, hot water production, and thermal desalination, as well as other industrial, residential, and / or recreational uses.
Due to the low cost of the filtration medium, in which only a small fraction of the total volume of water is filtered (up to 200 times less than conventional pool filtration systems), and the reduced use of chemicals (up to 100 times less than than those used in conventional systems), it is possible to maintain these large bodies of water of high clarity. Using conventional filtration and disinfection technologies would not be economically viable for containers or ponds of these large dimensions.
A conventional pool filtration system often filters the entire volume of water up to 6 times a day, imposing high installation and maintenance costs, in addition to consuming a large amount of energy in the process. For the 36-hectare pond illustrated above, in order to perform filtration of the entire water volume up to 6 times a day, a construction / area of around 1 hectare may be required to install the entire filtration system, making this construction and impracticable maintenance, and thus, any associated cooling system that is not economically viable. In addition, in terms of cost, for the example shown above, a comparison is provided below:


By using 9 suction devices and the system described here, installation costs are reduced by approximately 50 times and operating costs are reduced by approximately 25 times. Thus, containers or ponds represent effective and viable options and the costs of providing cooling water for power installations and other industrial processes.
While certain embodiments of the invention have been described, other embodiments may exist. In addition, any steps or phases of disclosed methods can be modified in any way, including reordering steps and / or inserting or removing steps, without departing from the invention. Although the specification includes a detailed description and associated drawings, the scope of the invention is indicated by the following claims. In addition, although the specification has been described in the language specific to the structural features and / or methodological acts, the claims are not limited to the features or acts described above. Instead, the specific features and acts described above are revealed as illustrative aspects and modalities of the invention. Various other aspects, modalities, modifications and their equivalents that, after reading the description here, can be suggested to an ordinary expert in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claimed matter.

权利要求:
Claims (7)
[0001]
1. Method for providing high quality microbiological cooling water to an industrial process, where the industrial process comprises an industrial plant, the method characterized by comprising: a. collect incoming water from a water source (11); B. storing the incoming water in a container (12), in which the container (12) has a bottom (13) capable of being cleaned by a mobile suction means (22), in which the container is a large body of artificial water with a volume of at least 10,000 m3, and where the surface area of the container (12) is in the range of 50 to 30,000 m2 per MW of cooling required by the industrial process; ç. activate the following processes through a means of coordination: i. within periods of 7 days, adding a disinfectant to the water in the container: (1) for a container water temperature up to and including 35 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of the container water temperature; (2) for a container water temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of hours, where the minimum period of hours is calculated by following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in ° C - 35] = minimum period of hours; or (3) for a container water temperature of 70 ° C or more, maintain an ORP of the container water above 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour; ii. applying an oxidizing agent to the container water to prevent the iron and manganese concentrations in the container water from exceeding 1.5 ppm; iii. apply a coagulant and / or flocculant to the container water to prevent turbidity of the container water exceeding 7 NTU; iv. suck the water from the container with a mobile suction medium to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding an average of 100 millimeters; v. filter the sucked container water through the mobile suction medium; and saw. return filtered water to the container, where chemicals are applied only when needed, and where the mobile suction and filtration media operate only as needed to keep water parameters within their limits; and d. supply high quality microbiological cooling water from the container (12) to an industrial process (9) at a flow rate such that a temperature difference between the cooling water entering the industrial process (9) and the cooling water that leaves the industrial process (9) is at least 3 ° C; and in which the coordination means (10) receives information about parameters that are controlled and timely activates the processes of step (c) to adjust the parameters within their respective limits.
[0002]
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cooling water that leaves the industrial process does not add more than 10 ppm of iron to the water container.
[0003]
3. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that: the disinfectant agent comprises ozone, a biguanide compound, a bromine-based compound, a halogen-based compound, or combinations thereof; the oxidizing agent comprises a halogen-based compound, a permanganate salt, a peroxide, ozone, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, an oxidizer, produced by an electrolytic method, or combinations thereof; the coagulant and / or flocculant comprises polymers, such as cationic and anionic polymers, an aluminum salt, aluminum hydrochloride, alum, aluminum sulfate, a quat and / or polyquat, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, chloride ferric, a polyacrylamide, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, an alginate, a Moringa seed, a starch derivative, or combinations thereof, or any combination thereof.
[0004]
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the average thickness of the laid material does not exceed 15 mm.
[0005]
5. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the mobile suction medium (22) that crosses the bottom of the artificial pond (12), completely aspirating the flow of water containing sedimented particles, thus allowing the bottom (13) of the pond (13), to be visible through water, where the bottom (13) of the container (12) is white, yellow or light blue.
[0006]
6. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the industrial process (9) comprises a heat exchanger, and the method further comprises the addition of an antifouling to the flow of high quality cooling water microbiological input 5 into the heat exchanger to reduce or prevent flaking.
[0007]
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the antifouling comprises a compound based on phosphonate, phosphonic acid, PBTC (phosphobutane-tricarboxylic acid), a chromate, a zinc polyphosphate, a nitrite, a silicate, an organic substance, caustic soda, a polymeric base malic acid, a sodium polyacrylate, an ethylene diamine salt of sodium tetracetic acid, a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole or a combination thereof.

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法律状态:
2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-12-08| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Free format text: A CLASSIFICACAO ANTERIOR ERA: E01H 1/08 Ipc: C02F 9/00 (2006.01), C02F 1/52 (2006.01), C02F 1/5 |

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2020-12-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201161469526P| true| 2011-03-30|2011-03-30|

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US61/469,526|2011-03-30|

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US13/195,695|US8454838B2|2011-03-30|2011-08-01|Method and system for the sustainable cooling of industrial processes|

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US13/195,695|2011-08-01|

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PCT/US2011/051229|WO2012134525A1|2011-03-30|2011-09-12|Method and system for the sustainable cooling of industrial processes|

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